An overview of EMDR therapy
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is a psychotherapeutic approach that aids individuals in processing and resolving traumatic experiences. Developed by psychologist Francine Shapiro in the late 1980s, it has since become a widely utilized method for trauma treatment.
In clinical practice, an EMDR therapist follows a specific protocol consisting of eight phases to implement EMDR therapy. These phases serve as a guide for both therapist and client throughout the entire treatment process. They include (American Psychological Association, 2023):
- History and treatment planning
- Preparation
- Assessment
- Desensitization
- Installation
- Body scan
- Closure
- Reevaluation
Each phase holds a distinct purpose and may involve various techniques or interventions, such as eye movements, tapping, or auditory tones. Collaboratively, the therapist and client identify the targeted traumatic memories or events for treatment. It is also to establish a safe and supportive environment for processing both negative and positive cognitions.
Research has shown that EMDR therapy is effective in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other trauma-related conditions (Shapiro, 2014; Gainer et al., 2020). For instance, several studies have reported EMDR therapy to be more rapid and more effective than trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy.
The therapy is based on the adaptive information processing model, which considers symptoms of PTSD and other disorders. EMDR therapy differs from other trauma-focused treatments in that it does not include extended detailed descriptions of the trauma, challenging dysfunctional beliefs, or homework assignments (American Psychological Association, 2017).










