Obsessive Relational Intrusion Scale

What is obsessive relational intrusion

Obsessive relational intrusion (ORI) refers to persistent, unwanted behaviors that violate personal boundaries and invade another person’s physical or symbolic privacy in an attempt to form or maintain an intimate relationship. These behaviors range from seemingly harmless acts, like sending unwanted gifts, to more intrusive actions, such as following someone or invading their personal space. Obsessive relational intrusions can escalate over time and become more threatening or harmful, including stalking behaviors.

ORI behavior often overlaps with stalking, where the individual persistently monitors or follows the target, creating fear and anxiety. This behavior can be part of a broader pattern of intimate partner violence, particularly when the perpetrator is a current or former partner. Stalking and ORI behaviors may be early warning signs of more severe forms of violence, including physical or emotional abuse, and should be taken seriously in the context of intimate relationships.

ORI can manifest in various ways, including hyper-intimacy (excessive displays of affection), invasion of privacy (such as monitoring or surveillance), and more severe threatening or coercive behaviors. Understanding and identifying ORI behaviors is critical for healthcare professionals and researchers to intervene early, provide appropriate support, and ensure the safety of the individuals affected by such behaviors.

Identifying relationally intrusive behaviors is essential not only for the well-being of victims but also for addressing the psychological patterns of those engaging in these behaviors. This understanding helps in developing interventions, coping responses, and strategies to reduce the risks and potential harm associated with obsessive relational intrusion.

What is the Obsessive Relational Intrusion Scale?

The Obsessive Relational Intrusion Scale (ORIS) was developed by Cupach and Spitzberg to measure repeated and unwanted pursuit behaviors. It assesses how often someone engages in actions that violate personal boundaries to establish or maintain a relationship. The short form, which is commonly used, includes 28 items measuring ORI behaviors like giving unwanted gifts, following, and making direct threats. Respondents rate the frequency of these behaviors, helping to evaluate both occurrence and perceived severity.

While the ORIS is widely used, newer tools like the Stalking and Obsessive Relational Intrusion Questionnaire (SORI-Q) aim to capture broader stalking behaviors. Despite these updates, the ORIS remains crucial for studying ORI behaviors, especially in young adults, who may face these issues more frequently.

How to conduct the Obsessive Relational Intrusion Scale?

To effectively use the ORIS, follow these steps. Our template contains the 28-item short version, which is commonly preferred due to its ease of use. Whether the scale is used for research or diagnosis, here’s how to conduct it:

Step 1: Access the template

Open the ORIS template by clicking the "Use template" button. You can customize, share, print, or fill it out using the Carepatron app. Alternatively, you can save a fillable PDF version by clicking "Download."

Step 2: Administer the survey

Give the respondent or patient clear instructions on how to complete the scale. Ensure they understand the purpose and ask them to respond based on their experiences with repeated and unwanted pursuit behaviors.

Step 3: Calculate the responses

Once completed, score the survey according to the guide. Tally the responses, remembering that higher scores indicate greater levels of victimization. Don’t reveal specific scoring instructions here, as these are included in the template for easy reference.

Step 4: Use the data

Compile the results for research, reporting, or for guiding treatment plans if used in a clinical setting. The insights gathered can help tailor further support or interventions for the respondent.

Obsessive Relational Intrusion Scale scoring and interpretation

uses a straightforward scoring system based on responses to the 28 items. Respondents rate how often they have experienced specific ORI behaviors on a scale from 0 to 4, where 0 is "never" and 4 is "over five times."

The total score represents the overall level of victimization experienced, with higher scores indicating a greater degree of victimization. There are no strict cutoff scores, allowing for flexibility depending on the context, whether for research or clinical use.

Subscales:

The ORIS is divided into four subscales, each focusing on different aspects of ORI behaviors:

• Hyperintimacy (Items 1-7): Behaviors that show excessive closeness or affection.
• Invasion of privacy (Items 8-13): Unwanted access to the victim’s personal life and space.
• Threatening behavior (Items 14-23): Aggressive actions or messages that imply harm.
• Physical coercion (Items 24-28): Direct physical actions or threats involving force.

When interpreting scores, the higher the score in each subscale, the more intense that specific type of victimization. If used in a diagnostic setting, these scores can help guide treatment strategies or intervention plans.

Next steps

After completing the Obsessive Relational Intrusion Scale, healthcare professionals and researchers can take several steps to address the findings:

• Analyze the data: Review the scores across the subscales to determine the extent and type of victimization the respondent experienced. This will help tailor further actions based on the specific ORI behaviors identified.
• Develop a care or intervention plan: For clinical use, use the scores to create a personalized care plan for the patient. This may include counseling, therapy, or safety measures to address the intensity and type of ORI behaviors as well as the coping responses employed by the victim of ORI.
• Create prevention and support programs: If the survey is used in a broader context, consider using the data to advocate for policies, workshops, or educational programs that raise awareness of intimate partner violence and stalking.
• Collaborate with mental health professionals: Based on the findings, healthcare providers may refer patients to mental health professionals for further assessment and support in managing the effects of ORI behaviors.