Primary Emotions List

The six primary emotions identified by psychologist Paul Ekman are happiness, sadness, fear, disgust, anger, and surprise. Contempt is later accepted as the seventh one (which is still met with some criticism). These are universal emotions recognized across all cultures due to their instinctual and biological basis.

Secondary emotions are more complex feelings that arise from the cognitive appraisal of primary emotional reactions, such as guilt, shame, pride, and jealousy. These emotions are influenced by an individual’s past experiences, social norms, and personal values.

Yes, primary and secondary emotions are closely correlated. Secondary emotions often develop as a reaction to the primary emotions felt in response to a stimulus. Understanding this relationship is crucial for effectively managing emotional responses in therapeutic settings.

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